Services

Eferi is proficient in the following markup languages and web standards:

• HTML

  By 1991, it appeared to many that SGML would be limited to niche uses while WYSIWYG tools (which stored documents in proprietary binary formats) would take over the vast majority of document processing.
  The situation changed dramatically when Sir Tim Berners-Lee, learning of SGML from co-worker Anders Berglund at CERN, used SGML syntax to create HTML. HTML resembles any other SGML-based tag language, though it began as simpler than most and a formal DTD was not developed until later. DeRose[3] argues that HTML's use of descriptive markup (and SGML in particular) was a major factor in the success of the Web, because of the flexibility and extensibility that enabled (other factors include the notion of URLs and the free distribution of browsers). HTML is likely the most used document format in the world today.
  However, HTML's status as a markup language is disputed by some computer scientists. The argument behind this is that HTML restricts the placement of tags, requiring them to be either fully nested inside of other tags, or the root tag of the document. Because of this, these scientists would suggest instead that HTML is a container language, following a Hierarchical model.

• XML

  Another, newer, markup language that has gained great importance is XML (Extensible Markup Language). XML was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, in a committee created and chaired by Jon Bosak. The main purpose of XML was to simplify SGML by focusing on a particular problem — documents on the Internet [4]. XML remains a meta-language like SGML, allowing users to create any tags needed (hence "extensible") and then describe those tags and their permitted uses.
  XML adoption was greatly helped because every XML document is also an SGML document, and existing SGML users and software could switch over relatively easily. However, XML mercilessly eliminated the complex features of SGML, radically easing learning and implementation. Other major contributions were to rectify some SGML problems in international settings, and to make it possible to parse and interpret documents correctly whether or not a schema is available.
  XML was designed primarily for semi-structured environments such as documents and publications. However, it appeared to hit a sweet spot between simplicity and flexibility, and was rapidly adopted for many other uses. XML is now a markup language of choice for communicating transaction data between servers and for many other unanticipated uses.

• XHTML

  The newest incarnation of HTML is also based on XML: XHTML or eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language is a more rigorous and robust version that requires documents to be "well-formed" XML documents, but which uses the familiar HTML tags. The main difference between HTML and XHTML from the standpoint of coding the language is that all tags must be closed ('empty' tags such as <br> must either be 'closed' with a regular end-tag, or replaced by a special form: <br />).

• CSS

  In computing, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL. The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

• XSLT

  Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) is an XML-based language used for the transformation of XML documents.
  In a web context it is a template language. For programmers, it is a AWK-inspired XML-dedicated filter language.
  The original document is not changed; rather, a new document is created based on the content of an existing one. The new document may be serialized (output) by the processor in standard XML syntax or in another format, such as HTML or plain text. XSLT is most often used to convert data between different XML schemas or to convert XML data into web pages or PDF documents.